CIHM 
Microfiche 
Series 
(IVIonographs) 


ICMH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
(monographles) 


I  El  I 

Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microraproductiona  /  Inttitut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  hittoriquas 


1996 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  technique  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  tias  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 


Q^ 


Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I     I  Covers  damaged  / 

' — '  Couverture  endommagee 

I     I  Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 

' — '  Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  pellicula 

I     I  Cover  title  missing  /  Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I     i  Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  geographlques  en  couleur 

I     I  Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 

Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I     I  Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 

' — '  Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

r^  Bound  with  other  material  / 

' — '  Relie  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  edition  disponible 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serr6e  peut 
causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de 
la  marge  int^rieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoratkxis  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have 
been  omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  certaines 
pages  blanches  ajout^es  lors  d'une  restauratlon 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  loisque  cela  itait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  ete  filnn^es. 


L'Institut  a  microfilme  le  meilleur  examplaire  qu'il  lui  a 
ete  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire  qui  sont  peut-§tre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modifications  dans  la  m6th- 
ode  normaie  de  filmage  sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 

I     I      Coloured  pages/ Pages  de  couleur 

[     I     Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommagees 

I     I      Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pellicul^s 

r~j.     Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 
'-^     Pages  decolorees,  tachetees  ou  piquees 

I     I     Pages  detached/ Pages  d^tachees 

fyt      Showthrough/ Transparence 

I     I      Quality  of  print  varies  / 

' — '      Quality  inegale  de  I'impresskin 

I     I      Includes  supplemenlary  material  / 

Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

P/l  Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image  /  Les  pages 
totalement  ou  partiellement  obscurcies  par  un 
feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure,  etc.,  ont  et6  fllm^s 
a  nouveau  de  fa(on  a  obtenir  la  meilleure 
image  passible. 

I  I  Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the 
best  possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant 
ayant  des  colorations  variables  ou  des  decol- 
orations sont  filmees  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la 
meilleur  image  possible. 


D 


Additranal  comments  / 
Commentaires  supplementaires: 


This  ittni  it  f  ilmad  •!  tht  nduclion  rnio  ctieektd  Moor/ 
Ce  document  «st  f  ilmi  au  taux  de  rMuction  tndtqui  et-de»om. 
10X  14X  18X 


20X 


Tha  copy  fllmad  here  has  baan  raproduead  thanks 
to  tha  ganaroslty  of: 

0.  B.  Wlldan  Libraiy 
UnivHtity  of  Wntwn  Ontario 


L'axamplalra  flltnt  fut  raprodult  grlca  i  la 
gintrosit*  da: 

D.  B.  WtMon  Library 
Univtnity  of  Wnttm  Ontario 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hera  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  i<eeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantas  ont  ttt  reproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soln,  compta  tanu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattet6  da  I'examplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformita  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fllmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ara  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  s  printed 
or  illustrated  Impression. 


Les  exemplalraa  orlglnaux  dont  la  couvarture  an 
papier  est  Imprimde  sont  filmte  en  commen9ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  en  termlnant  aolt  par  la 
darnlire  page  qui  comporte  une  emprainta 
d'impresslon  ou  d'illustratlon.  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  examplairas 
orlglnaux  sont  fllm6s  an  commandant  par  la 
premiire  page  qui  comporte  une  emprelnte 
d'impresslon  ou  d'illi'-tration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  darnlAra  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
amprelnte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  Imaaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symbolas  sulvanta  apparaTtra  sur  la 
darnlAra  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —*■  signifle  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifle  "FIN" 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ara  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvant  Stra 
filmAs  i  das  taux  da  reduction  difftrants. 
Lorsqua  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raprodult  an  un  saul  clichi,  il  eat  tUmt  i  partir 
da  i'angle  supArleur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  an  bas,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'imagas  nAcessaira.  Las  diagrammas  sulvanta 
illustrant  la  mtthoda. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Miciocarv  hsoiution  iki  chait 

(ANSI  and  (SO  TEST  CHART  No    2( 


1.0 

m  m  ill 


A     /APPLIED  IIVMGE    In. 


8  -  5989  -  fo. 


Vol.  7.  No, 


NOVKMDKK.  19t2 


BULLETIN 


LAFAYETTE  COLLEGE 


FOUNDERS'  DAY 


I'UBLISHEl*  (JIURTEKLV   BY    LaFAVETTE   COLLEGE 


tlntt.rt  d«ssccond'CUss  matter  November  lo,  1906.  at    Bastnn,  IVnn^ylvat 
under  the  Act  orCoBKresi  of  July  16,  1B94 


BULLETIN 


LAFAYLTTL  COLLLGL 


With  the  CmiipliiiK'nts  i)f 

U'lUUIAM    RknwicK    RiriDlil.l. 


DELIVERED  AT  LAFAYETTE  COLLEGE 


FOUNDERS'  DAY.  OCTOBER  16.  1912 


BULLL  riN 


LAFAYE.TTL  COLLLGL 


ADDRtSS 


HONOURABLd  WILLIAM  RtNWICK  RIDDtLL, 
LH.D..  LLD. 


DELlVtRED  AT  LAfAYtTTE  COLLEGE 


FOUNDERS'  DAY,  OCTOatR  16,  1912 


<     -. 


THE.  CtNTURY  OF  PEACE 

An  AMrau  d«llvm>d  by  Th.  Honauribki  WI>U«n  R.n.kk  Rldd.ll. 

LH.D.,  ILD.,    I  L.(,y,ii,  Colh«,.  l„io„,  p.nn.vl. 

vmnit.  on  roundwi'  D«v.  Oclab«f  I6lh.  1912. 

I  an.  lomc  lo  y„u  „f  the  ptai,s.  Republic  the  vn.rld 
has  evtr  sMii.  from  oik  of  the  nations  compo»in|{  itn 
li«a(c»i  ■empire  —nd  I  intend  for  a  short  time  to  spealt  to 
you  of  the  international  relations  l)etween  Republic  and 
Empire,  and  especially  of  the  long  peri.>d  of  peace. 

And  this  is  the  time  peculiarly  fit  for  speaking  (hat 
peace,  for  just  one  hundred  years  ago  on  the  i  »th  une 
was  made  the  last  declaration  of  war  between  these  two 
peoples— almost  to  a  day,  a  century  ago,  was  tht  first  real 
batUc  of  that  war  fought  at  Queenston  Heights. 

True  it  is  that  before  that  .['.ime,  Michillimokinac 
had  been  taken,  Hull  had  invaded  Upper  Canaoa  and, 
retreating  to  Detroit,  had  capitulated  to  Brock  with  his 
whole  army;  but  these  had  been  but  minor  operations 
and  skirmishes:  and  it  was  not  till  the  15th  of  October, 
1 8 1  J,  that  what  could  be  called  a  batUe  took  place  between 
the  separated  brother  nations. 

I  am  not,  however,  to  speak  of  deeds  on  the  tented 
field  and  of  homd  war  but  of  peace  -the  last  act  in  Canada 
of  that  fratricidal  war  was  the  raid  of  the  Kentucky 
Mounted  Riflemen  from  Detroit  in  November  1814  re- 
pulsed at  the  crossing  of  the  Grand  River,  they  retreated 


.  UAFAYBTTB   COLLBGB 

plundering  as  they  went,  and  left  Canadian  soil  forever. 
The  treaty  of  Ohent  was  signed  on  the  twenty-fourth 
of  December,  1814;  and  the  attack  on  New  Orleans 
took  place  on  the  eighth  of  the  following  January-in 
ignorance  of  the  Peace.  .     .    u  ■ 

Since  that  time  the  two  peoples  have  not  washed  their 
hands  in  each  other's  blood,  but  have  lived  in  peace  if 
not  always  in  harmony. 

But  it  was  not  the  treaty  of  Ghent  which  was  the  be- 
ginning of  peace— the  foundations  of  that  peace  had  been 
laid  broad  and  deep  many  long  years  before,  and  the 
Peace  is  but  part  of  the  wondrous  fifth  Act  in  the  history 
of  a  people. 

In  1752  Bishop  Berkeley  sang. 

"Westward  the  course  of  Empire  takes  its  way. 

The  first  four  acts  already  past 
A  fifth  shall  close  the  Drama  with  the  day, 
Time's  noblest  offspring  is  his  last. " 
That  fair  Island  in  the  Northern  sea  lay  invitingly 
open  to  the  West  of  the  haunts  of  Jute,  Angle  and  Saxon, 
who  were  of  that  imperial  and  imperious  race  in  Central 
Europe  which  had  never  bowed  the  knee  to'  conquering 
Rome— a  very  different  race  from  the  older  inhabitants 
of  England— with  all  the  virtues  and  the  vices  of  a  far 
more  barbarous  state,  they  killed  instead  of  enslaving 
their  enemies  and  scorned  intermarriage  with  the  alien, 
as  some  of  their  descendants  in  America  do  today.  Less 
clever  than  the  Celt,  as  the  Englishman  is  to  this  day 
less  clever  than  the  Irishman  or  the  Welshman,  they 
were  bravt  with  a  valour  never  exceUed  and  seldom 
equaled. 


LAFAYETTE   COLLEGE  5 

Living  in  the  peninsula  of  Denmark,    the  low-lying 
lands  bordering  the  banks  of  the  Elbe  and  the  islands 
which  stud  that  part  of  the  Baltic  Sea,  they  had,  says 
Tacitus,  "Stem  blue  eyes,  ruddy  hair,  their  bodies  large 
and    robust,    but  powerful    only   in    sudden    efforts." 
Hemmed  in  by  the  legions  of  Rome  to  the  South,  seeing 
no  land  to  the  North  which  was  to  be  desired,  scorn- 
ing  to  retrace   their    steps    to  the    East,  they   sailed 
for  the  beautiful  isle  but  a  short  distance  away  toward 
the  setUng  sun;  and  this  was  the  first  Scene  in  the  first 
Act  of  the  splendid  drama  of  Anglo-Saxon  history.     I 
know  the  word  Anglo-Saxon  is  Ul-chosen,  but  I  do  not 
know  a  better.     I  must  not  say  English,  because  many 
wUl  remind  me  that  no  small  or  unimportant  part  of 
those  called    Anglo-Saxon    come    from    north    of    the 
Tweed— nor  may  I  say  British,  for  west  of  St.  George's 
Channel  lies  the  Emerald  Isle  and  she  spurns  the  very 
name,  "BriUsh."     I  use  the  term  Anglo-Saxon,  wholly 
inappropriate  as  it  is  and  insufficient,  to  denote  those 
whose  mother-tongue  is  English  and  those  whose  ideal 
of  government  and  liberty  corresponds  with  theirs. 

Within  the  narrow  bounds  of  England  and  southern 
Scotland,  Angle  and  Saxon  and  Jute  setUed  and 
labored  and  fought— fought  with  each  other,  every  tribe 
and  every  clan  full  of  that  which  is  of  the  very 
genius  of  our  race— determination  to  be  self-governed 
We  refuse  to  be  g.  vemed  even  by  our  brother,  and  we 
spurn  the  yoke  of  the  stranger. 

And  their  brother  in  blood-the  Dane— came  in  and 
they  fought  with  each  other  till  at  length  a  semblance  of 
peace  came  and  England  had  become  England  with  an 


LAFAYETTB  COLLEGE 


English  language  formed  and  in  familiar  use.  But  their 
determined  particularism,  individualism,  would  not  down, 
and  generation  after  generation  of  desperate  fighting  and 
terrible  rapine  had  not  taught  them  the  necessity  of  obey- 
ing one  central  authority.  There  was  also  a  division,  not 
locally  but  in  the  very  heart  of  the  body  politic,  for  half 
the  people  were  villeins  and  no  small  number  actual 
slaves.  It  is  true  that  the  condition  of  the  villein  was 
vastly  different  from  that  of  the  senus,  but  he  fell  short 
of  all  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  free-born — and  those 
above  him  looked  upon  him  as  not  one  of  themselves. 

Then  came  the  second  Act  of  the  drama.  William  of 
Normandy  led  his  hosts  into  England  and  conquered  it 
for  himself.  He  claimed  not  by  free  election  as  had  the 
Saxon  monarchs — although  the  form  of  election  was 
gone  through  in  his  favor — but  he  claimed  as  the  vice- 
gerent of  God  and  by  force  of  arms.  He  came,  a  man  of 
middle  age  with  matured  views  and  knowing  his  own 
mind.  He  did  not  even  speak  the  tongue  of  his  new  sub- 
jects, 

English  rebellion  and  opposition  were  met  with  con- 
fiscation of  English  lands,  and  the  Saxon  land-owner  was 
driven  nut,  homeless,  to  mingle  with  the  villein  and  the 
slave  he  had  formerly  despised.  As  time  went  by,  the 
King's  authority  took  almost  wholly  the  place  of  the 
limited  authority  of  the  Saxon  local  dignitary — all  Eng- 
land became  the  subject  of  the  one  man,  and  all  English- 
men were  made  to  feel  that  they  were  one.  Under  the 
successors  of  the  conquering  Norman,  this  process  con- 
tinued, and  the  King's  court  took  the  place  of  the  County 
Courts,  and  the  King  was  the  fountain  of  justice  as  well 


-•"*'****'BnWI<t*lnn>»i 


f<lS!^aS5ei^ 


UAPAYBTTE   C01.LE0E 

Of  tJ'Zy  u  ^'^  "ir™""  " ''"«"'  •'^^"■"^  "'■"o.st  mor! 

But    kingly  power,  as  all  power,  tends  to  eneroaeh 
upon  freedom-the  old  theory  that  the  King  of  Kngland 

htmself  to  a  certain  determinate  man  and  a  certain  de 

IZ"    Ur"'^  ""'"'  '"^'"^"■-  "'  chapter  and 
abihty^     This  made  itself  most  conspicuous  in  the  Stew- 

ungratefuL  It  ,s  one  of  the  marvels  of  history  that  a 
family  such  as  this  should  have  called  forth  th.  wannest 
loyalty  and  undying  devotion  of  so  many  intelligcn^nd 

ical  prmc-e  to  govern  her  in  many  respects  which  nearlv 

Toft  the'tr'!""""?- ' '" ""'  p™p^' '» -yt„;,hTn^ 

about  the  theological  side  of  the  controversy  but  the 
Reformation  was  at  least  this,  if  nothing  else^t  was  the 
absolute  prohibition  of  all  but  an  English  aulTuy  to 


g  UAFAVBTTB   COLLBGE 

rule  in  England  in  any  temporal  matter.  Then  came,  in 
^e  fucLsion,  two  Scene,  of  ^'ar.^'"?  ,.3 
rZ  Charles  lost  his  head  and  his  son  lost  l"s  throne. 
Ind  in  this  the  third  Act  the  Anglo-Saxon  aga.n  said, 
and  with  effect,  "I  shall  govern  myself. 

Tme  the  lesson  had  been  learned  and  well  learned, 
that  there  must  be  one  central  authority  m  each  nat.on- 
Ae  villein  and  the  slave  had  disappeared--but  now  .t 
tas  r^ecessary  to  show  that  that  one  central  authonty 
Tust  command  itself  to  the  people  and  that  the  people 

-"co'nsmuTonal  liberty  was  accomplished-the  great^t 
human  blessing  a  virtuous  man  can  possess-and  th  s  the 
X  of  r-«  ''  *'  ^''^-^  achievement  m  th.s  the 
^Atnttca  had  been  discovered  and  many  had  made 
th^rhon^  in  this  new  land-the  eyes  of  sorne  who  had 
he  prophetic  vision  were  turned  toward  the  gow.ng 
wlt*^  but  the  home-keeping  EngUshman  had  not  Mly 
rnreciated  its  significance.  "  Home-keepmg  youth  have 
IZZlt  witf."  But  the  Colonist  knew  and  appre«- 
alS  the  importance  of  his  new  continent,  and  he  deter- 
mined that  that  continent  should  be  Enghsi^ 

From  1613  when  the  Virginian,  half-pnate,  ba^ 
oatrioUno  uncommon  mixture  in  any  age  o  the  world)^ 
drove  out  the  French  colony  in  Mt.  Desert  till  .759  when 
WoUe  Planted  the  Red  Cross  bamier  upon  the  plains  of 
!^"a^l  tte  English  colonists  kept  up  a  constant  war- 
f^Tg^nsrihe  pLch  to  the  North;  and  that  not  a^one 
trprtverthe  French  from  amioying  them  but  for  them- 
X  to^sess  the  land-Canada-and  thus  came 


"fJL> 


LAFAYBTTB    COI.LBGE  g 

about  the  first  Scene  of  the  fourth  Act.  and  all  North 
America  then  worth  considering  l>ecame  English— no,  Brit- 
ish—for Scotland  had  joined  her  fortunes  to  England's 
half  a  century  before. 

The  colonies  had  not  been  too  busy  to  bethink  them- 
selves of  their  government  or  to  insist  from  time  to  time 
upon  the  right  to  govern  themselves,  but  the  fear  of  in- 
vasion from  French  America  had  kept  them  from  open 
rupture  with  the  mother  country.     Now,  however    all 
pressure  was  removed,  fear  of  France  had  gone,  and  the 
Colonists  determined  tc  exercise  their  racial  right.     Those 
at  home  had  not  learned  the  lesson  thai  "he  who  crosses 
the  sea,  does  not  chance  his  soul"— that  the  Englishman 
m  America  was  as  tenacious  as  the  Englishman  in  England 
of  the  right  to  govern  himself— the  inevitable  conflict 
broke  out  and  was  terminated  in  the  only  way  in  which 
such  a  conflict  could  terminate:  "Nothing  is  ever  setticd 
tUl  it  is  sctUed  right."    Self-government  was  vindicated 
and  the  Colonies  became  the  Lnited  States  of  America. 
I  have  recently  before  another  audience  said: 
"The  embattled  farmers  of  the  American  militia  fought 
not  alone  for  themselves  and  their  chUdren,  but  also  for 
Canada  and  Australia  and  New  Zealand  and  South  Africa-  ■ 
nay,  for  England  herself,  and  for  all  that  has  made  E:.g- 
land  England,  and    the  British   Empire  worth  while 
The  lessen  was  learned  by  the  Mother  Country,  once  for 
all,  that  the  colonies  are  not  subject  nations,  but  sister 
nations.     And  never  since  that  time  has  a  colony  insisted 
upon  aught  that  was  ultimately  denied  her." 

Let  no  man  think,  however,  that  liberty  was  not  known 
before  this  continent  was  discovered  and  inhabited— 


)0  LAFAYBTTB   COLLBGR 

until  this  continent  made  a  passion  of  liberty. 
Generation  followed  generation  in  the  old  land  and 
the  thought,  the  ideal  of  liberty  was  never  absent 
from  the  mind  of  the  Islander— he  treasured  that  ideal  as 
fondly  as  could  any  Continental.  Let  no  man  think  that 
it  was  the  levying  of  a  tax,  an  impost,  here  and  there,  that 
was  the  cause  of  the  American  Revolution— this  was 
made  a  pretext  (I  do  not  de  ire  to  speak  discourteously 
or  disrespectfully).  Nor  were  the  Fathers  of  the  Revo- 
lution (l>ace  the  school  histories),  with  one  shining  excep- 
tion, greater,  better  or  nobler  than  those  who  opposed 
them.  The  true  cause  was  that  the  time  had  at  length 
come  when  the  American  Englishman  knew  that  he  could 
stand  alone,  and  he  demanded  his  birthright  of  self- 
government.  Let  no  man  think,  either,  that  this  was  a 
rebellion  against  England  or^  the  English  people.  The 
best  of  England  sympathized  with  the  American.'  A 
half-crazed  King,  ill-trained,  hearing  ever  the  voice  of  a 
foolish  mother,  "George,  be  a  King,"  was  able  tc  find 
instruments  among  the  aristocracy— the  governing  classes 

to  carry  out  his  will,  and  Rebellion  must  needs  follow. 

It  was  that  same  aristocracy,  that  same  governing 
class,  which  drove  out  of  the  North  of  Ireland  the  virile, 
hardy,  determined  people  without  wh.m  this  part  of  the 
continent  would  not  so  soon  have  blossomed  as  the  rose, 
without  whom  this  Hall  of  Learning  would  probably 
not  have  come  into  existence,  without  whom  the 
Ameri:  in  Revolution  might  have  languished  and  failed. 

I  Wraxftll  tells  us  that  nodtinii  ever  made  Kin^  George  III  unpopular  with 
the  Eualish  people  but  his  resistance  to  the  claims  of  the  Ameneans-aml 
that  u  soon  u  peace  was  declared  his  populanty  revive<l-and.  as  we  know, 
it  never  afterwards  suffered  diminution. 


Perhaps  there  never  was  an  instanrr  in  u-  . 
punishment  and  ^un,mZi:nZ,Z'"^-^"^^ 
»  surely  upon  ,he  sin  and  wrong-doing™  T^"\'"'t 

of    the    Thirteen    Colonte    T  "*'"  '""'=«"" 

Montreal  was  taken  by  for«  and' o'"J::''"''  """* 
a  bold  and  brilliant  4en.^b°  m'^  '^'•'''"'~ 
»«d  Canada  remained  S  i"'  *'°f  ^"■""y  'ell 
why  that  was  so.  ""  ""'  "«y  'o  ask 

Washingtoa,   first  in    peace    as     fi«,    • 
confident,  foresaw   the   Sa-T  ".""■  ^  ^■" 

playing  the  fourth,  for  when  iT  """''  "'  ""^ 
failed  and  tafayette  's  ^heme  "f  *"°"  "'  '^""^''^ 

takes  had  also  metadet;^'  f  Tr*''  "^  ""^  »'  ">- 
tion  and  strained  everyTeX^in^Laf^n^r^  *''^- 
Posal ;  that  is,  that  hTshouW  Jh  f  ''^f  ^^''^  »  "'w  P™- 
conquer    the  n^ll^ZZt^^^'T"'^  ''™«' 

ai-dyfeit  that  '-»oo,t  ^lx::":^j-^:^^ 


■It  did 


kArAVBTTB   ..    LLSUB 


it  would  be  infinitely  better  for  the  nascent  Republic, 
the  new  Anglo-Saxon  power,  that  she  shrmld  have  as 
masters  of  the  neighboring  land,  people  of  her  own 
race. 

When  peace  was  declared  began  the  fifth  Act  in  the 
Anglo-Saxon  drama— and  that  is  still  being  played,  it  is 
not  finished. 

Shall  I  briefly  run  over  the  principal  Scenes  in  this  Act? 
In  1794  the  disputes  between  the  two  peoples  in  regard  to 
their  boundaries  and  also  the  amount  to  be  paid  to  the 
citizens  of  the  two  countries  for  damage  done  were  re- 
ferred to  arbitration,  and  since  that  time  no  less  than 
eighteen  matters  have  been  referred  to  the  adjudica- 
tion of  arbitrators  or  judges — matters  involving  land, 
money  and  national  territory,  questions  of  the  most 
varied  character ;  and  most  of  these  references  have  been 
successful. 

The  defeated  party  indeed  sometimes  grumbled — that 
is  the  inalienable  privilege  of  a  freeman.  The  litigant 
has  the  right  when  a  case  goes  against  him  either  of 
appealing,  or  of  abusing  the  judge. 

When  we  could  not  agree  about  the  boundary  between 
Maine  and  Canada,  it  was  left  to  Commissioners,  and 
when  they  could  not  agree  it  was  left  to  the  King  of  the 
Netherlands,  and  when  his  award  was  satisfactory  to 
neither  party,  we  settled  it  by  negotiation — indeed  we 
tried  every  course  but  war.  The  settlement  by  Lord 
Ashburton,  it  must  be  said,  did  not  please  our  people; 
but  thei%  is  and  was  no  disposition  to  attempt  to  get  out 
of  it  *  *  *  So  when  the  northwestern  boundary  was 
to  be  settled,  war  was  terribly  near ;  but  again  the  common 


l-«FAV«irB   COLHOK 

River,  Which  is,  a.  iUmtZZ'ZA"  "h  """"""'" 
but  the  United  States  H»  mJT  ''^    °'"' '»7    f' L., 

•n  that  year  an  ag!:^e;'"„"f™"S  ',"  '"^  ""  «°  ^C 
for  ten  years;  anfuTh  dZt^v  V°'""  «^"P»«i™ 
efforts  were  made  to  «.„"«' '^'^  """  "'"  "■ 
agreement  for  joint  om,rattVt!.  ^"P"'^'"  '8^7  the 
Tl.e  Democratc  par^„T"  ^-s; '^"ewed  indefinitely, 

'■Fifty-four  fort/or'filht  '*Por  "  '^?  ^"'^  ''•>«""■• 
United  States  got  nXr  fi^v  ,  *"/'«'«'.  "ut  the 

Pakenham,.heBritish^Ls/dt:twT  ""^  '*'■'■ 
U>at  the  salmon   wouW  7 .  Washington,  heard 

Columbia  Ri«r  a^aer  to'th':  "'  "^  '"  '"* 
became  valueless  in  hfaTes  the  A """  '^'""^ 
as  tney  thought  that  fh?  V  ?  ^mencans  found, 
parallel  was  ^^cWX  w^rtht  "T"  "'  "-^  «•" 

PalcenhamtoSrawrbo::r.l„e'':f,h:  "Th"""  "' 
was  accepted-land  worth  ,Z^    u'„"        *«*  P"""'^ 

thought  worth  t^fng  at-ut       ''       ''°"'  ""^  ""  ^'"^ 

Vancouver     Isl^"  "^f  "'  '^.^  ^'■"-el  between 
tt«e  Aannels  and  an  Wan^nf  '"""■     '^"'^    "* 

of  thtm.     This  h^  ZZ  T'  ""  '«"'«>■  two 


LAVAVBTTR   CntLEOB 


The  f(H>li<ih  attempt  a  hundred  years  ago  of  the  United 
States  to  take  Canada  failed,  as  did  the  equally  foolish 
attempt  of  Orc^t  Britain  to  conquer  the  United  States— 
and  thank  Ood  for  Itoth  results. 

We  havi-  an  agrei^nient  that  there  shall  be  no  armed 
ships  in  the  international  waters,  and  while  there  is  no 
agreement  to  that  efTect,  we  have  sense  and  good  feeling 
enough  to  keep  our  limg  ■iiterno*'-f;nal  Ixtundary  clear 
from  fortification  and  armed  force.  Our  disputes  we 
have  heretofore  settled  by  diplomacy  or  arbitration;  and 
war  is  unthinkable. 

During  this  century  of  peace,  we  have  settled,  by 
peaceful  means,  what  fish  from  Canadian  waters  the 
Americans  2an  take  and  what  amount  they  should  pay 
for  those  they  took  without  right;  what  seals  the  Cana- 
dians cannot  take  and  what  they  should  be  paid  for  those 
they  should  have  been  permitted  to  take;  what  Britain 
should  pay  for  allowing  the  Alabama  to  escape  and  for 
Canada  allowing  the  St.  Albans  Raid  (we  have  nor  yet 
-  ^cessfully  pressed  a  claim  against  the  United  States 
for  permitting  the  two  Fenian  Raids  into  Canada).  We 
have  settled  what  the  United  States  should  pay  for  land 
in  Oregon  taken  from  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  and 
others,  and  how  far  Alaska  may  stretch  its  tail  down  the 
Pacific  Coast,  cutting  off  Canada  from  the  ocean. 

And  alt  this  without  war.  "War"  is  the  true  "short 
and  ugly  word" — war  is  the  curse  of  the  ages. 

How,  then,  do  we  now  stand?  The  Rush  Bagot 
arrangement  I  have  already  spoken  of;  then  we  have 
the  Waterways  Treaty  of  1909,  which  is  specially  for 
the  United  States  and  Canada.     It  provides  "for  the 


■■^I'/IVBITB  toUBU 


■s 


lhr«   appointed     by    l,.h  '"  "'"'    '^»->"l'~ 

n.i™o„To„,d  ,AL:'yn7":T''^z''''^  '""•- 

and  pass  uoon    ,"    ,       ■       ,  .  Junsdiction  over 

Canada.  Bu,  .r.icr.v,™^" '" ''"'"^ ''*'»"»  ""■' 
n-atters  „,  differ^^' uf^™';'"'  ""  t^'""""'  'ha.  all 
rights,  obligations  or  i^Zt  o,  1^  "  T°'''""'  "" 
other  or  to  the  inhabi  ants  o  ,hl  1  7  "'""°"  '°  "« 
shall  be  referred  to  th  !  •     '  """■  "'""«  ">e  frontier 

Article  X  Zt^de    ,t,  ™"  '"' '"-i-'ry  ..-.d  .-eport. 

United  States  or  „,  cf^„H  *,!  "' " '"'*«'''^ "' ">« 
other  or  ,„  ,he,r  r  '^"r""'  f'?"."  '"  '^'a'ion  to  each 
for  decision  t'  ,h H^r  I"''"'"'""'^  "ay  »*  referred 
the  -n,„°LL  te^ir/rd'eit:  '°"™""™  " 
chosen  in  the  n,anner%rovidtd  b^^^:"  TmV'J"  "' 
convention  of  October  ,8  ,^,  Th  ""  .  '  "'^^ 
miniatur,.  Hanie  trihnn.l    /  "  ""'>'  "»  called  a 

speaking  nS:  f"'',rc:„ti"n:rrv  'v  ^"'"''■ 

Jt  was  thus  I  descril^  i,  "  "  '  ^°"^  America." 

Then  the  broadT^.       ^       °'  ""  "«"  "  Washington. 

affecting    B^tTlZV"'"T'''''''  '""'^  "'  •""'■ 

■Provi/e,  thlr"diff  ren^  wTi  hrav'"™'^  T"^"^' 
nature,  or  relatin<r  to  ,h7^  .  ^  ""^  of  a  legal 

ing  be  ween  ,h"'^         "terpretation  of  treaties  exist- 
maynotravetenlsih,  T""^''"'"^•  """  -'"ch  it 


,6  W»«WTT«  couioa 

the  vlul  intcmti,  the  ladeptadcticc  or  lh«  honor  ol  the 
two  conuacting  Suta,  ud  do  not  concern  the  Intemti 
of  third  parties." 

A  itUI  more  coinprehen»l«  treaty  ha»  been  negotiated ; 
but  an  yet  it  hangs  in  the  balance  and  it  would  be  an  Im- 
pertinence (or  me  to  diicuH  it  in  thii  land. 

But  the  other  da"  a  dlRereiKe  oi  opinion  arote  between 
the  Government  o(  Great  BriUln  and  that  oT  the  United 
Statesabout  the  Panama  Canal.  Some  hanh  wordi  w«» 
said  by  a  section  of  the  English  press,  but  not  nearly  so 
h>  sh  as  those  said  by  most  respecUbte  apers  in  the 
United  Sutes  taking  the  same  side.  It  would  iU  be- 
come me.  your  guest,  to  expiess  here  an  ophiion  as  to 
the  meilu  of  the  controversy.  What  I  do  wish  to  say 
is  that  a  matter  which  Is  of  vastly  more  importance 
than  many  which  have  caused  long  and  bloody  wars  has 
no  more  chance  of  bringing  about  such  a  terrible  result 
than  the  canal  itself  has  of  destroying  New  York  or  Easton. 

The  feeling  for  war  between  the  two  branches  of  Eng- 
lish-speaking peoples  has  become  atrophied  for  want  of 
use  during  a  hundred  years.  The  sentiment  of  solidarity 
is  growing,  a  solidarity  which  has  its  roots  in  times  long 
before  the  Angle  and  the  Saxon  saw  England,  a  solidarity 
which  grew  with  the  race  in  the  Island,  wh.ch  was 
»Uengt'.cned  by  the  Norman,  felt  itself  under  the  Stew- 
arts, but  which  received  an  apparently  fatal  wound  when 
the  Guelph  resisted  the  demands  - .  'lis  American  subject. 
Washington,  indeed,  ,.  er  hated  '  •-iland,  but  many  of 
his  contemporaries  and  many  of  thi..-  descendants  did— 
and  the  feeling  is  not  wholly  dead,  even  yet.  For,  as 
some  in  the  mc:-e  remote  regions,  it  is  said,  still  vote  for 


UM  BriUin  U  not  u  .Mii.y  o(  the  Unltwl  Statn 
of  »SlZ*^  «  •«  °«  i"  everythlm,  but  the  .„id™t 
^P^tlc.1  .ll,gi.„„_,hat  »p.«ti.>n  U  itKlf  but  of 
y«it»rd.y  compared  with  the  centuriet  of  .lorioui  and 
Z^'l!'  IT  """^  •"  •"-  '»  -nm™-^' 
■undamental  and  eiaential  unity 

•*«  the  Engl„h..pe.l„ng  world  ha.  determined  finally 
«d  U«v«:.bly  that  there  shall  be  no  more  war  amon, 
l^t     :r  ""  ^"«""-'P"^"W.  "»  end  of  wru™n 

man  ;^l7  ^  Tf  "'"""'"'•  ""  <»"■  "«  "™">™ 

man  mil  come  .nto  hi.  own;  he  will  have  «me  part  of 

him^n  „r  V".  ""^  "'•'  '°*'«"  '^l' '"««  "ho  l«<i 
him  m  his  aspirations  but 

•    •    mark  off  so  much  air 
And  callit  Heaven,  place  bliss  and  glory  there, 
"ant  perfect  homes  in  the  unsubstantial  sky 
And  say  what  is  not  shall  be  by  and  by  "      ' 
He  wiU  not  need  to  wait  for  the  sky  to  have  some 
ch^ce  of  a  perfect  home-at  least  a  home  app  oacZg 
p«ecUon-bu,  hi,  life  will  be  ,weeten«l  by  enjoymem 

o.  tte  a^,  bu  nch  and  p„or  shall  meet  together,  for  the 
Lord  IS  the  malrer  of  them  rll" 

a,"^  r."**  ^V  "*  *""  "  ■*""■"-'-  that 
Zol,  T'  "°,"T  >*  '"y  do-bt  that  these 
peoples  who   are  of  the  same  origin,  who  speak  the 


same  language  and  worship  the  same  God  under  the 
same  forms,  whose  ideals  and  aspirations  are  as  alike  as 
are  their  laws  and  customs,  who  have  the  same  courage 
and  the  same  inspiration  from  heroic  deeds  of  heroic  an- 
cestors, that  these  peoples  must  forget  tne  petty  or  even 
the  great  differences  which  have  separated  them  in  the 
past,  and  stand  side  by  side  for  freedom  and  right? 

The  one  century  of  peace  among  and  between  your 
people  and  mine — may  it  extend  to  a  millennium;  yea, 
in  aehrn'um.  May  it  be  but  the  harbinger  of  that  era 
to  which  the  prophet  looked  forward,  that  happy  time 
when  "they  shall  beat  their  swords  into  plowshares  and 
their  spears  into  pruning-hooks ;  and  nation  shall  not 
lift  up  sword  against  nation,  neither  shall  they  learn 
war  any  more." 


